如何解聘不合格教师——美国的经验与问题

How to Dismiss Incompetent Teachers :Experience and Problems in the USA

美国解聘不合格教师的完整过程包括学校鉴别、学区评议、州教育部门主管复议、州教育相关部门评议、州最高法院判决等几个阶段。从可资借鉴的经验来看,美国解聘教师必须遵循不合格教师补救优先的原则、证据支持的原则、程序正义原则等几个方面。美国对不合格教师的解聘也存在着很多问题,包括处理程序复杂繁琐;处理过程旷日持久,花费巨大;正式教师的过度保护等几个方面。这些问题导致美国校长在处理不合格教师时压力巨大,真正被解聘的不合格教师比例很低。美国的经验和问题对我国建立和完善中小学不合格教师退出机制具有重要的借鉴意义。

The entire process of dismissing incompetent teachers in America includes ： school evaluation, school district council appraise, Section 310 of the New York State Education Law reconsid- eration, Section 3020 - A of the New York State Education Law review, the state Supreme Court de- cision. In experience, USA dismiss incompetent teachers must follow： remedial priority principle, evidence supporting principle, procedural justice principle, etc.. America on incompetent teacher dismissal also exists many problems, including the complicated procedures, huge cost and excessive protection of tenured teachers. These problems lead USA principals suffer great psychological pressure in dismissing incompetent teachers, this makes the ratio of fired incompetent teachers very low. The experience and problems from American has important significance for our country.