共同侵权体系因果关系理论的实证考察

Practical Review of Causation Theory of Joint Infringement System

文章以我国共同侵权体系中蕴含的因果关系理论在法律实务中的表现为考察视角,着重分析共同侵权因果关系理论在实证层面体现出的具体内容与价值。具体而言,实证研究视角下的共同侵权因果关系理论主要表现为:(1)为解决传统因果关系理论的困境而发展出来的特殊的因果关系理论及原因力理论;(2)作为责任构成要件的因果关系,并在判定责任构成中展现出了独特的、区别于过错构成要件的功能价值;(3)作为连带责任正当性基础的因果关系,共同侵权在法律效果上表现为数侵权人承担连带责任的合理性,并不是由于通行的"受害人保护说"、创新的"可责难性标准说",而恰恰是共同侵权因果关系理论中蕴含的原理和特殊规则。

This article pays much attention to the specific contents and practical values presented in the causal relation theory on joint tort, based on the causal relation theory contained in China＇s joint tort system, taking the behaviors happening in the legal practice as observation perspective. To be specific, the causal relation theory under joint tort system should at least contain the following three aspects： Firstly, it has developed some special theories of causal relation and causal force in order to solve the difficulties of traditional causal relation theory. Secondly, as the essential elements to determine the liability of causal relation, it shows unique functional values different from fault components. Thirdly, as the essential elements to determine the liability of causal relation, joint tort in the legal effect is expressed as reasonability of bearing joint liability by the infringer. It is not because of ＂victim protection theory＂ or the innovative ＂culpable standards theory＂, but because of the unique theories and special rules that could only be implied under causal relation of joint tort system.