流浪、流动与非流动儿童的人格特征及其差异

Personality characteristics of street children,migrant children and non-migrant children,and the differences among them

目的：探讨流浪儿童、流动儿童与非流动儿童的人格特征及其差异。方法：采用16-PF对流浪儿童、流动儿童与非流动儿童分别进行团体测验，并对3组儿童人格因素进行两两比较。结果：3组儿童除了乐群性、稳定性、敏感性、怀疑性、世故性外，其他人格因素均有统计学意义；其中，流浪与非流动儿童比较：聪慧性、兴奋性、幻想性、忧虑性、实验性、自律性、紧张性、3项次级人格因素（ X1、X3、X4）及4项应用预测人格因素（Y1-Y4）均有统计学意义（均P〈0.05或〈0.01）；流动与非流动儿童比较：聪慧性、恃强性、兴奋性、敢为性、幻想性、忧虑性、实验性、独立性、自律性、3项次级人格因素（X1、X2、X4）及4项应用预测人格因素（Y1-Y4）均有统计学意义（均〈0.05或〈0.01）；而流浪与流动儿童比较：只有聪慧性、有恒性有统计学意义（均P〈0.05）。结论：3组儿童人格并未完全形成，但非流动儿童心理更健康，人格形成相对更完善，而流浪与流动儿童存在类似的心理健康问题。

Objective：To investigate the personality characteristics of street children, migrant children, and non-migrant chil-dren, and the differences among the three groups. Methods：By using 16 personality factor questionnaire （16-PF）, the three groups of children participated in the group-test separately, and the differences of personality factors among them were compared. Results： Ex-cept for warmth （A）, emotional stability （C）, sensitivity （I）, vigilance （L）, privateness （N）, the other personality factors were statistically significant among the three groups. There were statistical significances between street children and non-migrant children in personality factors of reasoning （B）, liveliness （F）, abstractedness （M）, apprehension （O）, openness to change （Q1）, perfection-ism （Q3）, tension （Q4）, 3 secondary personality factors （X1, X3, X4） and 4 application personality factors （Y1-Y4） （P〈0. 05 or P〈0. 01）. There were statistical significances between migrant children and non-migrant children in personality factors of reasoning （B）, dominance （E）, liveliness （F）, social boldness （H）, abstractedness （M）, apprehension （O）, openness to change （Q1）, self-reliance （Q2）, perfectionism （Q3）, 3 secondary personality factors（ X1, X2, X4） and 4 application personality factors （Y1-Y4） （P〈0. 05 or P〈0. 01）. Only reasoning （B） and rule-consciousness （G） were statistically significant between street children and migrant children （P〈0. 05）. Conclusions：The personality characteristics of the three groups of children are not fully formed, but com-pared with the other two groups, non-migrant children are better in mental health and personality formation;and there are some similar problems in mental health for street children and migrant children.