麦客与“候鸟”:中国农耕社会的文化符号

Harvesters and “Migratory Birds”： A Cultural Symbols in Chinese Farming Society

中国北方是老麦客和“铁麦客”（或新麦客）的天然场所.老麦客退出历史舞台,而陕西因为平原、丘陵、山地等交错,收割机和麦客并行,在地势较高收割机不便于作业的地方,老麦客仍然有遗留.从麦客源地、麦客交通方式、麦客线路、割麦把式、麦客歌谣、麦客歧视等方面书写了麦客的一个民族志.从民众笔下的麦客到侯登科照相机镜头下的麦客,从电影《白鹿原》中的麦浪、麦客,再到纪录片《麦客中国：铁与镰刀的冲突》、中国电视节目《收割机上的麦客》中的麦客,他们用文字、图片、胶卷、摄像机记录了一种特殊的文化符号,微言大义地阐述了一种中国社会剧烈变迁,显示了中国底层农耕社会的文化多元性、土地依附性和地方性智慧.

Northern China is an old harvesters and “Iron harvesters” natural places. Old harvesters quit the stage of history, and Shaanxibecause of the plain, hill and mountain areas staggered, harvester and harvesters parallel, in higher harvester does not facilitate the workplace, the old harvesters still remaining. From wheat source, Mack modes of transportation, harvesters line, screw type, harvester＇sballads, harvester＇s discrimination written off ethnography. From the public＇s harvesters to Hou Deng-ke camera lens under the Mac,from the movie White Deer in wheat, wheat, and then to the documentary harvesters China： iron with a sickle of conflict , “ChineseTV programs on harvester” in the wheat, they use text, pictures, film, camera records a special cultural symbols, with description of adramatic social changes in China, practical wisdom and local cultural diversity and land attachment Chinese bottom farming society.