近代日本女性解放思想先驱的女权思想探析——以自由民权运动时期女性民权家为中心

Pioneer Feminist Thoughts in Modern Japan:prominent feminists in the Movement for Civic Rights and Freedom

在自由民权运动风潮的激烈鼓荡中,岸田俊子、景山英子、清水丰子等女性逐渐觉醒,走出家庭,迈开步伐与男子一同关心并参与政治,投身于民权运动的大潮中。在与政治的初步交涉中,她们由"贤女"变身为"女杰",从不同的角度抨击男尊女卑之陋俗,主张男女平等,伸张女权,并对男权进行了严厉批判。她们通过树立国家观念开始参与到公共领域,并首次与国家有了直接关系,开始走进了整编中的国民行列,并意图在她们的女权论述中重新设定新的身份与构建新的社会性别秩序。她们通过自由民权运动获得了宣扬女权思想的场域,虽然未能实现女权的伸张,但她们的活动是近代日本女性觉醒的标志,在近代女性解放思想史上具有重要的意义。

During the fierce Movement for Civic Rights and Freedom, leading female reformists like Kishida Toshiko, Kageyama Hideko, Shimizu Toyoko came to champion women＇s stepping out of the domestic arena and devotion to politics alongside men. Plunging into political movements, they morphed from ＂good women＂ into heroic public figures. They criticized male superiority and called for male-female equality and promoted women＇ s rights. They first came into direct contact with the state through identifying with and advocating the causes of the nation state. They then attempted to redefine themselves and their discourse in quest of a new gendered social order. Although they failed to actualize women＇ s rights, their activities remain a powerful symbol of female awakening in the Meiji-Taisho era that profoundly influenced the evolution of the feminist movement in later times.