职业足球运动员区域性流动特征研究

Characteristics of Professional Football Players' Flow Between Regions

在划分世界足球竞技区域与评估各竞技区域实力的基础上,运用文献资料法与数理统计法就职业足球运动员区域性流动的地缘性特征、时段性特征以及球员特征进行研究。结果表明:在地缘特征方面,职业足球运动员主要由东欧区、南美区及非洲区向西欧区流动,南美区是向外输出足球运动员最多的竞技区域;在时段特征方面,在1995年之前,职业足球运动员区域性流动速度较慢、流量也较小;1995年之后,流动速度突然加快、流量加大且东欧区向西欧区流动的球员流量增加;而在2005年之后职业足球运动员区域流动的整体流量持续增加,但向西欧区的流量呈现了较稳定的趋势;在球员特征方面,来自南美区与西欧区外籍球员的联赛分布比例与联赛水平成一定正相关,而来自东欧区与非洲区的球员联赛分布比例与联赛水平成一定负相关,另外不同竞技区域来源的外籍球员在球场司职位置的比例有所差异。

On the base of dividing and assessing between football competitive area and competitive ability, by the methods of documentary review and mathematical statistics, this article carries out an analysis of regional characteristics, time characteristics and players＇ characteristics of the professional football players＇ flow between regions. The results show that in terms of regional characteristics, professional football players flow mainly from Eastern Europe, South America and Africa to Western Europe. South American has the largest number of players to Western Europe. In terms of time characteristics and before 1995, professional football players flowed slowly with smaller flow. During 1995 -2005, the flow becomes faster and larger, particularly from Eastern Europe to Western Europe. After 2005, the overall flow of professional football players increases continuously, but the flow to Western Europe remains stable. In terms of player characteristics, the distribution ratio of the League from South American region and Western Europe region has a positive correlation with the level of the League, while the ratio of players from Eastern Europe and Africa has a negative correlation with the level of the League. In addition,the ratio of foreign players＇ positions on the field from different competitive region is different.