因事立法:清代盐法事例——基于光绪朝《钦定大清会典事例》的考察

For Legislation： the Salt Case in the Qing Dynasty——Based on Guang Xu＆#39;s ＆quot;Hui Dian Case of the Qing dynasty＆quot;

事例是清朝廷处理各类政务的临时性规定.清代盐法事例适应盐政事务不断变化的情势,调整纷繁复杂的盐政事务,如平抑盐价、调整盐课、确定完课、减课及奏销时限、改定奏销方式、打击私盐及盐务管理等.通过朝廷职官或地方官员奏准、皇帝上谕等形式“著为定例”,以解决盐法实施中的具体实际问题.盐法事例较之律条、条例灵活变通,能适应频繁变动的盐政事务,可以补律条、条例之不足.事例是优于律、条例解决这些实际问题的法律形式.虽在制度上没有明文规定,但资料显示在具体实施中具有法律效用。

The legal Case was temporary provisions for handling all kinds of affairs in the Qing dynasty. The Salt Case can adjust complicated salt affairs with the changing situation, for example, restraining the price of salt, adjusting the salt tax, accomplishing the salt tax, reducing the salt tax, reporting the time limit, changing the way of sale, restraining the illegal salt and managing the salt affairs. The Salt Case generated by ＂imperial edict＂ or ＂on emperor＇ s order＂ and became effect by ＂a permanent case ＂to solve specific question in the implementation of the salt law . The Salt Case was more flexible and diverse than legal articles and rules, it can adapt to changes of salt affairs. The Salt Case can make up the lack of legal articles and rules. The Salt Case was a legal form and prevailed over legal articles and rules in solving specific problems. Datum showed that The Satt Case kept its effectiveness in the implementation though there was no clear stipulation in system.