“词语自由联想”视域下医护人员形象调查——公众与医护人员的认知态度比较

A Survey of Cognitive Attitudes Based on“Word Free Association”:Images of Doctors and Nurses in the Mind of Public and Medical Staff

言语行为可以反映认知态度,利用心理学的"自由联想法"对公众与医护人员进行针对医护人员形象的调查,以获得他们心目中描述医护人员形象的词语。按照他们头脑中出现的顺序进行加权统计;计算积极、中性和消极词语的比例。调查发现,公众对医护人员形象的认知态度存在矛盾;同时医护人员对自身职业评价较低;二者通过联想获得贬义词分值较高,原因是医护人员普遍被认为劳动强度大、职业安全感小等。运用社会认知心理学的平衡理论进行分析以期获得提升认知态度,改善医患关系的新途径。

Speech act can reflect cognitive attitude. In this paper, a survey was carried out by adopting ＂free association＂ method to investigate the public as well as doctors and nurses themselves to find their words describing doctors and nurses. According to the word sequence appearing in the mind, the words are processed with weighted statistics and calculated the rate of positive, neutral and negative meaning. The cognitive contradiction is found in the public attitudes toward doctors and nurses and doctors and nurses themselves have a low assessment to their own careers. Words of derogatory meaning score high in the survey because it is believed widely these professions are high in labor intensity, lacks in career security. According to balance theory in social cognitive psychology, a new approach has been raised in hope of enhancing cognitive attitude and improving the doctor-patient relationship.