越南北部乡村民俗对汉文化记忆的本土化建构

Localization of Han Culture by Folk Customs in the Rural North of Vietnam

本研究的田野调查点奉法村,是位于越南北部海防市的一个古老乡村,在中越交往史中海防附近的出海口曾发生过三次中越封建王朝之间的"白藤江战役"。在海防至今传承着城隍祭祀和女神崇拜的传统民俗,定期在村落共同体举行的祭祀活动通过仪式展演不断传承"英雄祖先"的历史记忆。本文从社会记忆的角度分析在汉文化背景中,越南北部的民俗神灵体系表现出的越南本土文化与汉文化的抗争与融合关系。

Làng Phung Php,where the field work of this paper is conducted,is an ancient village in Thành pho Hai Phòng in the north of Vietnam. In the history of China-Vietnam interflows,the Tran Bach Dang war took place three times between Chinese and Vietnamese dynasties at the estuary near Thành pho Hai Phòng. Even today,the folk customs of town god sacrifice and goddess worship are still being carried out in Thành pho Hai Phòng. Sacrificial rituals are regularly held in the village community to enact the historical memory of their'heroic ancestors'. From the perspective of social memory,this paper analyses the conflict and merge between Vietnamese native culture and Han culture as demonstrated in the folk divine system against the backdrop of Han culture in the north of Vietnam.