抗NMDA受体脑炎患者卵巢囊肿剔除术的麻醉处理

Anesthetic management for ovarian cystectomy in patients with anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor encephalitis undergoing general anesthesia

目的 抗NMDA受体脑炎是一种与抗NMDA受体抗体相关的、自身免疫性副肿瘤边缘叶脑炎,常发生在伴有畸胎瘤的年轻女性患者.该类患者可合并有精神行为异常、自主神经功能紊乱、中枢性通气功能不足、高热等,麻醉诱导及维持过程中需警惕心血管事件、高热、呼吸功能不全等不良反应的发生.术前应准备血管活性药、β-受体阻滞剂、降压药以及抗胆碱能药物,必要时可给予有创动脉血压监测,维持患者生命体征平稳.本文报道了3例抗NMDA受体脑炎患者接受全身麻醉下卵巢囊肿切除术的麻醉管理方法：术前均予抗精神病、抗感染和免疫治疗,全身麻醉以异丙酚-咪达唑仑-芬太尼-罗库溴铵行麻醉诱导,气管插管后行机械通气,吸入七氟醚、氧气和空气,间断静脉注射芬太尼和罗库溴铵维持麻醉,这些药物均与NMDA受体无相互作用或有轻微间接作用,以避免NMDA受体相关不良反应发生.因此,在临床麻醉中对此类患者要做好充分的术前准备,并尽量避免使用具有NMDA受体拮抗作用的麻醉药物（如氯胺酮、N2O、美沙酮、右美沙芬、苯环利定等）,谨慎使用与NMDA受体有间接作用的麻醉药物（如戊巴比妥等）.

Objective Anti-N-methyl-D-Aspartate （NMDA） receptor encephalitis is a rare disease,recently described as autoimmune disorder of paraneoplastic limbic encephalitis,which is related to the NMDA receptor antibodies and frequently develops in young women with ovarian teratoma.The disease is usually accompanied by symptoms of psychosis and abnormal behaviors,autonomic nervous system dysfunction,central hypoventilation,and hyperthermia.During induction and maintenance of general anesthesia,we should be aware of adverse reactions such as cardiovascular events,hyperthermia and respiratory insufficiency.In order to maintain vital signs stable,pharmacological agents including vasopressors,β-blockers,antihypertensives,and anticholinergics should be prepared before the surgery.Invasive monitoring for blood pressure can be set if necessary.This study described the method for anesthetic management of 3 patients with anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis undergoing resection of ovarian teratoma under general anesthesia.Preoperative treatment included antipsychotic,anti-infective and immune therapy.General anesthesia was induced with propofol,rocuronium,fentanyl and midazolam to facilitate tracheal intubation and was maintained with inhalation of sevoflurane （mixed with oxygen and air） and intermittent iv boluses of fentanyl and rocuronium during the surgery.All the drugs mentioned above had no interaction or had slight indirect action on anti-NMDA receptors to avoid NMDA-related adverse reactions.In conclusion,the adequate preparation for the surgery should be done in this kind of patients,we should avoid using anesthetics having NMDA receptor antagonism （such as ketamine,N2O,methadone,dextromethorphan,phencyclidine） or other anesthetics acting indirectly （such as pentobarbital） on the NMDA receptors during anesthetic management in the patients with anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis.