碳纤维增强聚氨酯弹性体复合材料的研究

Preparation and Properties of Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polyurethane Elastomer Composites

为了制备具有优良导热性能、耐热性能和力学性能的新型聚氨酯(PUR)弹性体复合材料,采用预聚体法以聚四氢呋喃醚二醇(PTMG),2,4-甲苯二异氰酸酯(TDI)和碳纤维(CF)粉末为原料,制备了不同CF含量的CF增强PUR弹性体复合材料。对其进行了导热性能、耐热性能和力学性能测试,并通过扫描电子显微镜考察了CF在PUR基体中的分散状态。红外测试结果表明,CF表面含有可以与PUR基体发生反应的—OH和—COOH。当CF质量分数为0.3%时,CF可以均匀地分散在PUR基体中,CF增强PUR弹性体复合材料的拉伸强度、撕裂强度、100%和300%定伸强度、玻璃化转变温度和热导率分别为42.24 MPa,94.03 k N/m,9.33 MPa,24.87 MPa,96.7℃和0.138 5 W/(m·K),比纯PUR弹性体分别提高了27.8%,32.2%,76.4%,102.2%,18.5℃和26.4%,而断裂伸长率为367.62%,仅下降19.5%。

In order to prepare the advanced polyurethane（PUR） elastomer composites which possesses high thermal conductive property,heat resistance property and mechanical property,the carbon fiber（CF） reinforced PUR elastomer composites were prepared through pre-polymerized method with polytetramethylene glycol（PTMG）,2,4-toluene diisocyanate（TDI） and CF powder as raw materials. The thermal conductive property,heat resistance property and mechanical properties of the composites were studied, and the disperse situation was studied by SEM. FTIR results show that there are —COOH and —OH on the surface of the CF which could occur chemical reaction with the matrix. When the mass fraction of CF is 0.3%,CF can be well dispersed in the PUR matrix,and the tensile strength,tear strength,100%elongation strength,300%elongation strength,glass transition temperature and thermal conductivity of CF reinforced PUR elastomer composites are 42.24 MPa,94.03 kN/m,9.33 MPa,24.87 MPa,96.7 ℃and 0.138 5 W/（m·K）,with the incrcement of 27.8%,32.2%,76.4%,102.1%,18.5℃and 26.4%with respect to the pure PUR, however, the elongation at break is 367.62%,only decreased by 19.5%.