我国区域发展战略的回顾、评价与启示

REVIEW,EVALUATION AND INSPIRATION OF REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT STRATEGIES IN CHINA

建国以来,我国区域发展战略经历了均衡发展、非均衡发展和协调发展三个阶段。区域发展战略的演变呈显出主体多元化、内容多维度化、机制市场化和战略空间细化的趋势。与此同时,现行区域发展战略存在若干不足,有追求政策优惠忽视制度创新的倾向,区域发展战略之间缺乏宏观整体性衔接,阻碍区域协调发展的瓶颈远未取得突破,区域发展战略仍过于强调效率目标,对不发达地区关注不足。因而,未来区域发展战略的制定,不应追求数量,要注重是否真正有利于实现区域的改革创新;亟需制定一个全局性区域连接发展规划,或者以整合发展的理念对现有的区域发展战略规划进行统筹管理;中央应制定和出台针对性的法律法规保障要素的自由流动和区际自由公平贸易;国家级区域发展战略的地区选择应更注重公平目标。

The emphasis of China＇s regional development strategies has evolved from balanced development（1949-1978） through imbalanced development（1979-1990） to the coordinated development（1991 till now）since the founding of the People＇s Republic of China. The newest evolvement is characterized by the following trends. At first, not only the central government which was the only decision maker in the period of plan economy but also regional governments are participating in the making of regional development strategies and policies. Secondly, the objectives of the regional development strategies have shifted from the national safety in the plan economy period through the economic development at the beginning of the reform to the multifaceted development including economic growth, social equity, and environmental protection. Finally,the contents of regional development strategies are focusing on more detailed spatial levels. At the same time, the effectiveness of regional development strategies is weakened by their own flaws in four aspects. 1）The ongoing regional development strategies specially designated for given regions aim at seeking preferential policies from the central government rather than essential institutional innovation which is more urgent;2） There exist still much incoordination both among the regional strategies from different regions, among from different levels and even among different sectors of the central government; 3） The bottlenecks which hinder the market integration, in particular the institutional barriers to the free flowing of production factors are not fully eradicated; 4） There are disproportionally more regional development strategies for the developed regions than for the undeveloped ones.