微观视角下中国大城市家庭汽车拥有情况研究——以北京市为例

A DISAGGREGATE STUDY OF HOUSEHOLD CAR OWNERSHIP IN CHINESE LARGE CITIES: A CASE STUDY OF BEIJING

目前国内从微观角度对家庭汽车所有权的研究很少。本文试图基于对北京市的一项大型问卷调查数据,从微观视角分析中国大城市家庭汽车所有权的主要影响因素。结果显示,中国城市家庭汽车所有权主要受能力因素和需求因素两方面影响。具体而言,家庭收入越高、持有驾照的成员数越多、户主受教育程度越高、户主年龄越大、离地铁站越远,家庭拥有汽车的可能性越大。家庭规模、家庭内的孩子数及是否住在内城等在国外研究中较为重要的解释变量在国内并不显著。有车家庭的户主在日常通勤中对汽车的使用强度较高,说明居民购买汽车主要为满足实际需要,"炫耀性"消费的因素不多。

The rapid growth of car ownership in China in recent years has not only led to significant transformations of residents＇ daily activities patterns, but caused various social problems such as traffic congestion and air pollution. As a result, change in household car ownership draws increasing attentions in studies on car ownership in China. These studies have shown that economic development, car market, location in the city and neighbor types all have important impacts on car ownership. However, most of them adopt the aggregate approach and not many apply the disaggregate approach to study car ownership based on households. To fill in this gap, this paper examines the major determinants of household car ownership from a micro perspective. Specifically, we study the influence of both household socioeconomics and neighborhood built environment characteristics on household car ownership in China. Data was collected in a survey conducted in Beijing from November 2011 to July 2012. A multi-level probability proportion to size（PPS） sampling strategy was adopted and 467 household heads successfully participated in this survey. The empirical results in the logistic regression model indicate that the household car ownership in China is determined by both affordability-related and demand-oriented factors. Specifically, those households with higher income,more members with driving license and an older and better educated household head are more likely to own a car; living at a longer distance to metro station also increases the probability of owning a car. The more intensive car usage in commuting for those households owning cars implies that they care more about instrumental travel demands rather than the symbolic and affective motives.