上海口岸入境外国旅游流的空间扩散和网络结构研究

The spatial distribution and network structure of inbound foreigner tourist flows from Shanghai

应用一手数据研究了上海入境外国旅游流的分布和扩散规律及网络结构特征,发现:(1)上海口岸入境外国旅游流集中分布在胡焕庸线东南部,北京、桂林、西安、成都和昆明等城市以及长三角地区、珠三角地区构成的主体骨架,并在全国范围内呈由长三角地区向西北方向、西南方向扩散的态势;(2)上海口岸入境的韩国旅游流空间分布呈"倒皇冠"型,主要由"上海-杭州-苏州"、"上海-杭州-西安"和"上海-杭州-广州"3个三角形构成;美国旅游流空间分布呈"Z"型,由"上海-南京-杭州-桂林-北京"连接而成;美国游客比韩国游客活动范围更广,游览目的地更多,对上海口岸的依赖程度较低;(3)网络中的节点可划分为枢纽节点、中转节点、重要节点和一般节点,其中,上海、北京、桂林、西安、杭州和苏州等11个节点属于枢纽节点;(4)上海口岸入境外国旅游流网络规模较大,整体结构较松散,围绕核心节点集聚或扩散的趋势较强,具有小世界网络特性.

This study was designed to identify the spatial diffusion and network structure characteristics of inbound foreigner tourist flows from Shanghai by using the social network analysis and the method of cartographic representation.Samples were collected in 9popular tourism destinations in China,including Beijing,Shanghai,Xian and so on.The results are：（1）The inbound foreigner tourist flows mainly distribute in the southeast of Hu Line,including Beijing,Guilin,Xian,Chengdu,Kunming,Yangtze River delta and Pearl River delta,which constitutes its holistic framework.The high-grade tourist flows mainly distribute in the Yangtze River Delta.（2）The spatial distribution of inbound Korean tourist flows looks like an upside-down crown that made up of 3triangular patterns,which are Shanghai-Hangzhou-Suzhou,Shanghai-Hangzhou-Xian,Shanghai-Hangzhou-Guangzhou.The spatial distribution of inbound American tourist flows looks like Z linked by Shanghai-Nanjing-Hangzhou-Guilin-Beijing.（3）The nodes in the network are divided into four types：hub nodes,transfer nodes,important nodes,and common nodes.Shanghai,Beijing,Guilin,Xian,Hangzhou,Suzhou and other 5destinations are hub nodes.（4）The density of inbound foreigner tourist flows network is very low,and the centralized trend is obvious.The network is proved to be a small-world network with short average path length and high clustering coefficient.