临武鸭产蛋初期粗蛋白需要量的研究

Study on the Crude Protein Requirement of Linwu Ducks in Earlier Laying Period

本试验旨在研究饲粮粗蛋白（CP）水平对初产期临武鸭产蛋性能、蛋品质及血清生化指标的影响,以确定临武鸭产蛋初期CP的需要量。试验选用21周龄临武鸭200羽,分成5组,每组5个重复,每个重复8羽鸭,各组分别饲喂CP水平为15%、16%、17%、18%、19%的饲粮,预试期7 d,正试期56 d。结果表明：与15%CP组相比,16%、17%、18%、19%组的8周产蛋率、平均蛋重、日产蛋重、料蛋比均差异显著（P〈0.05）但各组间8周产蛋率、日产蛋重、料蛋比皆未达到差异显著（P〉0.05）;随CP水平提高,蛋形指数呈上升趋势而蛋黄色泽呈下降趋势。与15%CP组相比,CP水平为17%、18%、19%组蛋白高度和哈氏单位显著提高（P〈0.05）且18%CP组蛋白高度和哈氏单位达到最大值（P〈0.05）;饲粮CP水平对产蛋鸭血清中总蛋白、白蛋白、尿素氮、尿酸血清生化指标均无显著影响（P〉0.05）,饲粮中CP水平为19%时,血清中肌酐显著降低,与17%和18%CP组相比达到差异显著（P〈0.05）。以日粮中CP水平为依变量而以8周产蛋率、平均蛋重、日产蛋重、合格蛋平均重、料蛋比为自变量,依据折线模型,进行回归分析,得出临武鸭产蛋初期粗蛋白需要量分别为17.69%、18.57%、18.77%、17.86%、17.54%。虽然饲粮中16%~18%CP能在一定程度上提高蛋鸭生产性能但最佳蛋品质的CP需要量为18%。综合考虑,产蛋初期临武鸭玉米-豆粕型饲粮中CP水平以18%较为适宜。

This study was conducted to inve stigate the effects of dietary crude protein（CP） level on the performance,egg quality and serum biochemical indices in laying ducks and to explore the CP requirement of laying ducks during early laying period. A total of 200 Linwu variety laying ducks 21-weeks-old were randomly allocated to 5 groups with5 replicates per group and 8 ducks per replicate during the early laying period. Each group was fed with five CP levels at 15%, 16%, 17%, 18% and 19%, and the experiment lasted for 9 weeks.The results showed that compared with the group CP level 15%, ducks fed the diet with CP level 16%, 17%, 18%, 19% had higher laying rate of 8 weeks,average egg weight, average qualified egg weight, average daily egg weight and had lower feed/egg rate（ P〈0.05）; The egg-shaped index increased and egg yolk color lightened with the adding of CP. Compared with the control group, the albumen height and Haugh unit were increased in 17% CP group and were the highest of all group in 18% CP group;The level of CP did not significantly affect the content of total protein, albumin, urea nitrogen, uric acid in serum of laying ducks. Serum creatinine content in 19% CP group was significantly higher than that in 17% and 18% CP group. The dietary CP level was regarded as dependent variable, laying rate of 8 weeks, average egg weight, average qualified egg weight, average daily egg weight and feed/egg rate were regarded as independent variable, then multiple quadratic regression were made and the results showed as follows, the appropriate dietary CP level were 17.69%, 18.57%,18.77%, 17.86%, 17.54%. The results suggested that although supplementing the diet with 16% -18% CP level can promote production performance of laying ducks, 18% CP level improved the quality of the egg. The optimal CP level in corn-soybean meal diet of laying ducks is 18%.