间质性肺炎急性加重患者机械通气的死亡危险因素分析

Analysis of risk factors in death of patient with acute exacerbation of interstitial pneumonia managed with mechanical ventilation

目的 本研究拟通过分析间质性肺炎急性加重患者呼吸衰竭时的发病情况和支持治疗情况,探究此类患者的死亡危险因素,以寻找对此类患者的最合适治疗策略.方法 回顾性地分析了2010年9月到2013年9月北京协和医院急诊监护室收治的26例间质性肺炎急性加重患者.比较存活组患者和死亡组患者的发病情况、支持治疗情况和对无创通气的反应情况.结果 死亡组和生存组发病时各指标比较差异均无统计学意义.但和特发性肺纤维化（IPF）比较,结缔组织病相关间质性肺炎在存活组中所占比例有更高的倾向.死亡组和生存组比较,气管插管有创通气的比例显著增大（14％ vs.84％,P＜0.05）.生存组无创通气2h后PaO2/FiO2较通气前差异有统计学意义（176 ±110 vs.218±64,P＜0.05）,而死亡组无创通气2h后PaO2/FiO2较通气前差异无统计学意义.结论 在间质性肺炎急性加重患者中,结缔组织病相关间质性肺炎的预后较IPF可能会更好一些.间质性肺炎急性加重患者一旦气管插管则病死率很高,给此类患者行气管插管需谨慎.无创通气2h后PaO2/FiO2较前改善不佳的患者预后不佳.

Objective To study the risk factors associated with death of patients suffered from acute exacerbation of interstitial pneumonia （AE-IP） with very high mortality and very difficult to handle so as to find the most suitable treatment strategy for these patients.Methods The data of 26 patients with AE-IP admitted to Emergency Intensive Care Unit in Peking Union Medical College Hospital from September 2010 to September 2013 were restrospectively analyzed.Comparison of general condition of patients,treatment strategy and response to non-invasive ventilation of patients was made between survival group and death group.Results There was no significant difference in general condition of patients between death group and survival group.But compared with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis （IPF）,connective tissue disease-related interstitial pneumonia had a tendency to accounting for higher proportion in the survival group.The rats of endotracheal intubation and invasive ventilation were significantly increased in death group （14% vs.84%,P 〈 0.05）.There was significant improvement in PaO2/FiO2 after non-invasive ventilation for 2 hours in the survival group （176 ± i10 vs.218 ±64,P 〈0.05） while the death group had no significant improvement.Conclusions In patients with AE-IP,connective tissue disease associated interstitial pneumonia might have better outcome than IPF.AE-IP patients have a very high mortality rate once patients intubated,thus the decision of intubation in such patients needs to be very cautious.The patients with negligible improvement in PaO2/FiO2 after non-invasive ventilation for 2 hours may have a poor prognosis.