秦巴山区陕南栎类生长特点及资源现状

Growth Characteristics and Resource Status of Oak in Qin-Ba Mountains

以森林资源二类调查数据为依据,结合样地调查和解析木数据对秦巴山区陕南栎类生长过程及资源现状进行研究分析,并以此估算该地区栎类资源的生长潜力,总结栎类单株生长和资源特点,提出相关经营管理建议.结果表明：（1）天然实生栎类树种（栓皮栎）数量成熟期晚,20年之前生长率最快,可达10％～20％,生长高峰略滞后于胸径和树高生长高峰期.（2）栎类资源年均生长率约为6.89％,其中幼龄林、中龄林、近熟林分别约为8.67％、3.46％、2.62％.（3）在陕南三地区林分中栎类面积及蓄积所占比例均达50％以上,集中分布在西北部秦岭与巴山交汇处,汉江谷地周围相对较少.（4）龄级结构不合理,中、幼林龄所占比重大,可利用资源量十分有限.（5）栎类资源面积的46％被划分为薪炭林,33％是水源涵养林,21％是用材林,天然林面积和蓄积均明显高于人工林.（6）1986年到2009年间,栎类资源面积、蓄积量增加显著,但整体林分质量较差,林地生产力低.研究认为,秦巴山区陕南栎类资源总体表现为储量丰富,但分布极不均衡,未来的发展利用应首先加强抚育管理,提高林分质量,加强分类经营,开展林地经济.

Based on the Forest Resource Inventory Data,combining the data of sample sites investigation and stem analysis,we study and analyze the growth process and resource status.This paper estimates the region's potential growth rate,the oak plant growth process and characteristics of oak resources,and puts forward relevant management suggestions.The results show that:(1)The quantitative maturity of natural tree seedling oak species(Quercus variabilis)is late and the fastest growth rate is from 10%to 20%by 20 years,while the growth peak period is slightly lagging the DBH and tree height.(2)The annual growth rate of oak resources is about 6.89%,of which young forest,middle-aged forest,and near mature forest are about 8.67%,3.46%and 2.62%,respectively;(3)The area and stock of oak resources are in the proportion of more than 50%in southern Shaanxi,mainly sprawling in the north-west Interchange of Qinling and Bashan,a relatively small surrounded by the Han River valley;(4)The forest age structure is irrational and the amount of available resources is very limited;(5)46%oak resources is divided into firewood;33%is waterconservation forest and 21%is timber,natural forest area and stock are significantly larger than that of plantation;(6)From 1986 to 2009,the area and stock of oak resources increase significantly,but the forest quality is still poor and the woodland productivity is low.Overall the oak resources are abundant,but the distribution is extremely unbalanced.The further development of oak resources should first strengthen the cultivation and management,improve the quality of forest,strengthen classification management,and then carry out comprehensive forest economy strategies.