2种核桃壳木醋液的化学组成及抑菌活性研究

Chemical Compositions and Antifungi Activities of Pyroligneous Acids from Walnut Shell of Two Species

为充分利用核桃壳资源,分别以普通核桃壳和铁核桃壳为原料,采用干馏法,收集90～550℃馏出液,精制后得到普通核桃壳木醋液（H）和铁核桃壳木醋液（T）,对这2种木醋液的基本参数进行了测定;采用GC MS技术对其化学成分进行比较分析,并对这2种木醋液的抑菌活性进行了研究.结果表明：（1）2种核桃壳木醋液的基本参数相近.（2）GC-MS分析显示,2种木醋液的化学组成相似,共检测出62种化合物,主要成分为有机酸类、酚类、酮类、醛类和杂环化合物等,其中含量最高的是有机酸,酚类化合物次之;2种木醋液的共有化合物高达48种,其中木醋液H有5种独有成分,T有9种独有成分.（3）2种木醋液对供试植物病原真菌均有不同程度的抑制作用,且都对小麦纹枯病原菌（Rhizoctonia cerealis）的抑制作用最强,木醋液H和T对小麦纹枯的EC50值分别为15.65和15.23 mg/mL.研究认为,以核桃壳为原料制备的木醋液化学组成复杂多样,并且具有一定的抑菌活性,可作为植物源杀菌剂进行开发利用.

To achieve the comprehensive utilization of walnut shell, we prepared pyroligneous acids from walnut shell of two species by pyrolyzing, and collected it at 90 -550 ℃. Pyroligneous acids from walnut shell of Juglans regia L. （H） and Juglans sigillata Dode （T） were obtained after refinement. The basic properties of the pyroligneous acids were measured,and the chemical compositions were analyzed by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry （GC-MS）. Moreover, antifungi activities of each pyroligneous acid were tested by using 7 phytopathogenic fungi. The results showed. （1）The basic properties and the chemi- cal compositions of each pyroligneous acid were similar. （2）62 compounds were identified by GC-MS analy- sis, mainly organic acids, phenols, ketones and aldehydes. The content of organic acids was the highest, and followed was phenol compounds. Meanwhile, 48 common compounds were obtained in the 2 pyroligneous acids,5 and 9 special compounds were obtained in H and T, respectively. （3）The 2 pyroligneous acids showed antifungi activities in different degrees,and they all showed the strongest inhibition on Rhizoctonia cerealis. The values of EC50 of H and T on R. cerealis were 15.65 mg/mL and 15.23 mg/mL,respectively. It was considered that the chemical compositions of pyroligneous acids from walnut shell were complex. The pyroligneous acids showed high antliungi activities and could be exploited as a new resource.