南京市城区社区居民高血压现况调查及影响因素分析

A prevalence survey and analysis on the influential factors of hypertension among community residents in Nanjing

目的:了解南京市社区居民高血压患病情况及其相关影响因素,为社区高血压综合管理与干预提供科学依据。方法:通过整群抽样的方法对南京市模范西路丁山社区15岁以上的居民2 215人进行入户问卷调查及体格检查。结果:调查人群高血压患病率为23.0%(标化率21.2%);不同职业、文化程度、婚姻状况人群的高血压患病率差异有统计学意义(均P值<0.01);有高血压家族史及相关慢性疾病史人群的高血压患病率显著增高(均P值<0.01);超重及肥胖、吸烟、饮酒、口味偏咸、经常失眠等人群的高血压患病率显著高于非以上特征者(均P值<0.01);多因素logistic回归分析显示,男性、高龄、超重及肥胖、睡眠时间过少和过多、高血压家族史、糖尿病、高脂血症、冠心病、脑血管病、慢性肾病可能是社区居民高血压病的危险因素。结论:南京市社区居民高血压患病率处于较高水平,人群分布及相关危险因素具有地方特征,高血压的防治应结合本地特点进行针对性的社区综合管理与干预。

Objective：To investigate the prevalence and risk factors of hypertension among residents of West Mofan Road community in Nanjing , and provide scientific evidence for hypertension prevention and intervention . Methods：A cluster random sample of 2 215 community residents over 15 years old were investingated by questionnaire and medical examination . Results： The crude prevalence rate of hypertension was 23 .0%（ standardized rate was 21 .2%） .The prevalence rate of hypertension differed significantly among the subjects of different groups which were classified by occupation , education degree, marital status, respectively （P〈0.01）. Subjects with a family history of hypertension had a higher prevalence of hypertension than those without it , and so did the people with the history of related chronic diseases （ P〈0.01） .The prevalence rates of hypertension among overweight , obesity , smoking , drinking , taste salty , insomnia population were all significantly higher than those without the above-mentioned characteristics.Furthermore, the unconditional multiple logistic regression analysis showed that risk factors for hypertension in this population included male , advanced age , overweight or obesity , less or more sleep , family history , diabetes , hyperlipidaemia , coronary heart disease , cerebrovascular disease and chronic kidney disease .Conclusion： The distribution and risk factors of hypertension have local characteristics among urban community residents in Nanjing .Therefore , we should make the comprehensive intervention and management measures to prevent and control hypertension .