微笑的解剖学基础与面中下部年轻化

Anatomical foundation of smiling and mid-lower facial rejuvenation

目的 从解剖学角度研究微笑产生的机制,研究微笑状态下面中下部老化特征的变化.方法 对10具（20侧）成人新鲜尸头行甲醛溶液固定后,在10倍解剖显微镜下对鼻唇沟区域进行形态学观测,并根据50例门诊医师和患者的照片观察,对静态与微笑时面中下部老化特征的变化进行对比.结果 （1）鼻唇沟是面中部多脂肪区与无脂肪区的分界,外侧为颧脂肪垫.（2）鼻唇沟是7种表情肌在皮肤上止点形成的连线区域.（3）微笑时,使鼻唇沟脊深度加深、延长,颊沟加深、延长,颊纹加深、延长.（4）微笑时,颧脂肪垫上移,泪槽畸形：64％消失、36％变浅,形态得到改善;眶颊联合：水平部100％消失,垂直部74％变浅,26％无变化,外观得到改善;颊中沟：78％消失,22％变浅得到改善;口下颌沟：Ⅲ度100％消失,Ⅱ度100％消失,Ⅰ度74％消失,26％变浅,外形得到改善.下颌缘流畅：18％得到改观,82％无变化.结论 肌肉收缩产生微笑,鼻唇沟是微笑的起点;微笑可以使颧脂肪垫上移,能掩盖一部分面中下部老化特征,使人显现年轻化效果.

Objective To investigate the forming mechanism of smile anatomically,and to analyze the changes of aging characteristics of mid-lower face.Methods Ten （with 20 sides） adult fresh cadaveric heads were fixed by formalin,and then nasolabial fold morphology was observed under 10X operating magnifying glass,and compared with alteration of the middle and lower face aging features under the state of smiling and static according to observation from 50 doctors＇ and out-patients＇ photos.Results The nasolabial fold was the boundary between fatty and fat-free zone in the middle face,the lateral side of which was malar fat pad.The nasolabial fold was the linear area,which was formed by the insertions of seven mimetic muscles on the skin.When smiling,the nasolabial fold and cheek groove,got deep and extended,cheek stripe became obvious.While smiling,malar fat pad shifted up,and tear trough became deformity..64% disappeared and 36% getting shallow and appearance improved; orbit-malar fold showed 100% horizontal part disappeared,74 % vertical part became shallow and improved,and 26% stayed stable; mid-cheek fold showed 78% dissovled,22% getting shallow and improved; Labiomandibular fold showed 100% Ⅲ degree disappeared,100% Ⅱ degree dissovled,74% Ⅰ degree disappeared,and 26% getting shallow and ameliorated; submaxilla line showed 18% getting smooth and 82% remained.Conclusions Smiling is produced by movement of mimetric muscles,and its orgin is from nasolabial fold.A smile could make malar fat pad upwards to mask some aging characteristics of middle and lower face,which is helpful to form a younger face.