非正式制度与农户亲环境行为——以农户秸秆处理行为为例

Informal Institutions and Farmers Pro-environmental Behavior:As An Example of the Farmers' Straw Processing Behavior

我国农业现代化过程中面临着一系列与环境问题相关的挑战,构建亲环境行为的非正式制度是实现农业可持续发展的首要命题。农户是农业生产的主体,也是实施亲环境农业的主体,亲环境农业政策最终要落实到改变农户经营意愿和提高农户亲环境农业行为上来,才能达到改善农业环境的目的。文章使用通径分析方法,基于江苏、安徽农业主产区9个产粮大县796个样本农户的调查数据,在系统梳理非正式制度与亲环境行为关系的基础上,提出了更全面的研究问题和假设。得出如下研究结论:⑴不同类型的非正式制度与农户亲环境行为之间存在多样化的理论联系,而不仅是递进式、间接地影响农户亲环境行为。⑵农户搭便车行为与对同伴亲环境行为高度怀疑之间相互强化构成了亲环境行为的一种社会性心理;⑶秸秆焚烧政策、查处力度和产业化水平等既可以直接影响亲环境行为,又可以激励或阻碍非正式制度的形成与发展。基于此,文章提出如下政策建议:第一,公开与透明秸秆利用信息,提高农户主观约束意识和亲环境行为;第二,重视秸秆禁烧政策执行中的补贴机制,解决个人约束和主观约束中存在的不利局面;第三,调整非正式制度宣传定位,在宣传中应该更多地基于农户的不信任和猜忌心理入手;第四,提高查获率和加重处罚程度,解决农户搭便车行为;第五,促进秸秆产业发展,是秸秆禁烧政策执行中应该着力改进的重点领域。

The agricultural modernization process in our country is facing a series of environmental problems,the construction of proenvironmental informal system is a chief proposition to achieve sustainable agricultural development.Farmers are the main body of agricultural production,but also the implementation of the pro-environment agriculture.In order to achieve the objective of improving the agricultural environment,the pro-environment agricultural policies should be implemented to change the farmers＇ wishes of operating environment and improving agricultural practices.Using path analysis method,this paper presents a more comprehensive research questions and hypotheses,based on the major grain-producing counties 796 sample households survey data.It draws the following conclusions：①it exists a diversification theory,not just progressive,and indirectly between informal institutions and farmers proenvironmental behavior; ②The farmers＇ free-riding behavior and suspection for companion pro-environmental behavior constitutes a social psychological of pro-environmental behavior; ③The straw burning policy,punishment and industrialization can directly affect the pro-environmental behavior,and also motivate or hinder the informal system formation.Based on this,the article proposes the following recommendations：First,it should be transparented for the information of straw utilization in order to improve farmers＇ subjective awareness and pro-environmental behavior constraints; Second,it should pay attention to the subsidy mechanism of prohibiting straw burning policies,and solve the unfavorable situation between the personal constraints and subjective constraints; Third,it should be adjusted to the informal system publicity position,which should be based more on the farmers＇ psychological distrust and suspicion; Fourth,it should improve the rate of straw burning seized and penalties to resolve farmers rider behavior; Fifth,it should promote the industrial development of straw,which is a key areas for the implementation of burning policy ban.