资源型产业集群形成机理分析与实证

Model Hypothesis and Empirical Analysis of Formation Mechanism of Resources-Based Industry

目前中国资源型产业行业和地区分割严重,产业链短,资源和环境破坏严重,劳动生产率较低,面临转型升级的困境,集群化发展是产业转型升级和可持续发展的有效途径。因此,本文试图探求资源型产业集群形成机理,分析现阶段中国资源型产业集群的主要动因和发展模式,为推动集群内产业结构转型升级,实现集群的可持续发展提供参考依据。通过文献回顾,依据新古典经济学的比较优势理论、产业集群理论,结合国家战略,构建包含形成基础、形成诱因和形成路径三维度的资源型产业集群形成机理模型假说;测算中国资源型产业集聚度,分析其集群规模和趋势,依据模型假说选取表征指标,基于2000-2011年的面板数据,运用回归分析方法实证研究中国资源型产业集群形成动因,验证形成机理模型并揭示资源型产业集群形成的主要模式。研究结果表明:中国资源型产业集群发展还处于初级阶段,集聚程度在波动性上升。集群的形成基础为矿产资源储量,影响系数为0.555;形成诱因为产业平均规模,影响系数为0.672;形成路径主要依托国家资本,相关系数为0.137;提出"资源禀赋为基础—规模经济为诱因—政府培育为路径"的资源型产业集群形成模式。研究结果同时显示出资源型产业集群专业化分工的加强、创新能力的上升、集体效率的提高和竞争优势的培养等尚未成为集群化发展的主导因素,出现资源型产业发展的路径依赖和锁定效应。因此需要提升资源型产业集群的市场化程度,推动集群内产业结构转型升级,实现集群的可持续发展。

At present,the phenomenon of industry and region segmentation,short industrial chain,resources and serious environmental damage and the low labor productivity has been show up on resources-based industry of China,which is facing the plight of transformation and upgrading,and industrial cluster is an effective way of transformation and upgrading,thus to seek for formation mechanism on resource-based industrial cluster,to analyze the main motivations and development model of resource-based industrial cluster in China,to realize the sustainable development of resources industry cluster has become the focus of this study.This study,on the basis of the comparative advantages of new classical economics theory,industrial cluster theory and national strategy,built the model hypothesis of formation mechanism on resources-based industry,which includes the three dimensions of formation basis,formation cause and formation path.Then the paper estimates the cluster degree on resource-based industrial,and analyzes the cluster scale and trend.After that the token index was chosen according to the model hypothesis.Based on the panel data from 2000 to 2011,the formation motivation of Resources-Based Industry in China was empirically studied by regression analysis with the purpose of verifying the formation mechanism model and revealing the main reason.The results show that：it is still in its infancy on resources based industry cluster,and the rising trend of cluster degree is unstable.The formation basis of resources-based industry in China is the reserves of mineral resources with 0.555 of influence coefficient.The formation cause is the average size of industry with 0.672 of influence coefficient.The formation path mainly relies on the official capital with 0.136 of correlation coefficient.Based on this,the study proposed the primeval formation mode of resources-based industry cluster that includes the resources endowment as the foundation,economies of scale as the trigger,and the government cultivation as the path.The results also show that：the strengthening of specialization,the increase of innovation ability,the improvement of collective efficiency,and the cultivation of the competitive advantage have not become the dominant factor in the development of clustering on resources-based industry,and the path-dependence and lock-in effect has emerged.Therefore,we must to increase the marketization degree and promote the transformation and upgrading of industrial structure until realizing the sustainable development of resources-based industry cluster.