论王维玄佛结合的人生哲学及与艺术的关系

On Wang Wei's Philosophy of Life: An Integration of Neo-Taoism and Buddhism,and its Relation with his Art

王维具有多种身份角色和多个思想及艺术的层面,对此进行调谐与整合的主要是一种玄佛结合的人生哲学。这也是他所说的"道"的主要内容。从渊源来讲,这种人生哲学来自于东晋南北朝的士族文化传统,但在盛唐时代以王维为代表的寒素士人群体成为它的主要继承者。王维诗歌中表达了丰富的自然及自然与名教合一的玄学主题,并且常常与佛禅哲学结合。崇尚自然与证悟无生,是其在玄学与佛学方面的主要追求。王维对于世俗与现实,从早年的有所对抗到晚年的完全调和,正是其上述人生哲学调谐的结果。其思想特点更接近于谢灵运,而与陶渊明存在一些质的不同。王维的出处同归、色空无碍、名教即自然等思想,具有一种虚假性。王维的艺术境界也体现了与上述思想对应的多种层次。

What harmonized and integrated Wang Wei＇ s multiple identities and different levels of thought and art was his philosophy of life, which was an integration of Neo-Taoism and Buddhism, and also the main content of what he meant by Tao （道）. Wang Wei＇ s philosophy of life was originated from the cultural tradition of the established families in the Eastern Jin, and Southern and Northern Dynasties, while the group of lower-class scholars represented by Wang Wei in the heyday of the Tang Dynasty became the main successors of this philosophy of life. Wang Wei＇ s poems denoted rich Neo-Taoist themes of naturalness and the integration of naturalness with Confucian ethical codes （ 自然与名教合一） , which were often combined with Buddhist philosophy. To advocate naturalness and the awareness of birthlessness was his chief pursuit in Neo- Taoism and Buddhism. Wang Wei somewhat repelled the secular society and the real world in his early life, but totally got integrated with them later. This was just the result of his harmonization with the above philosophy of life. His philosophy was nearer to that of Xie Lingyun＇ s（谢灵运）, but essentially different from that of Tao Qian＇ s （陶潜）. His thoughts that different routes lead to the same goal, matter and its virtualness are unimpeded, and naturalness equals Confucian ethical codes, were all characterized with virtualness. His artistic imagery was corresponding to his thoughts at different levels.