王瑶与“清华学风”——兼及《中古文学史论》的方法与意义

Wang Yao and “the Tsinghua School”: An Approach to the Method and Significance of On the History of Medieval Chinese Literature

王瑶在20世纪80年代对清华文科学风的表彰,引出了学界关于"清华学派"的讨论,但迄今为止,关于这一学派的内在学理与涵盖范围,却众说纷纭。将这一议题置于王瑶自身的学术渊源及其论说语境中来讨论,不难发现,他所阐述的"清华学风",其学理基础建立在冯友兰、陈寅恪等清华学人对二三十年代实证史学之方法与前提的修正与反思之上;而王瑶自己撰于1942—1948年的《中古文学史论》,则与同时期朱自清的《诗言志辨》及陈寅恪的《元白诗笺证稿》共同构成了这一学风的产物:它们采取了一种近于客观的"历史的"阐释方法,同时又对历史中知识观念与批评价值的变迁保持高度的敏感,从而突破了"五四"以来"重估价值"式的文学史研究范型,在学术史上代表了后"五四"时代一种对传统和历史更为开放的文史研究的新路径。

Since Professor Wang Yao （1914 - 1989, 王瑶） raised the topic about ＂the Tsinghua School＂ （qinghua xuefeng, 清华学风） in the late 1980s, the discussion concerning the inner logic and boundary of this school has not yet reached any definitive results. The present thesis aims to re-explore this topic by tracing it back to Wang Yao＇ s academic practice in the 1940s and the historical context in which Wang Yao was embedded. As opposed to the orthodox school of historical studies in the 1920s and 1930s, ＂the Tsinghua School＂ represented by Feng Youlan （1895 -1990, 冯友兰） and Chen Yinke （1890- 1969, 陈寅恪） proposed a hermeneutic historical view to question the methodological premise of the positivistic historical studies. Professor Wang Yao＇ s On the History of Medieval Chinese Literature （ 《中古文学史论》） , written from 1942 to 1948, together with Zbu Ziqing＇ s （1898 - 1948,朱自清） An Analysis on the Statement that a Poem Expresses One＇s Will （《诗言志辨》） and Chen Yinke＇s The Draft of Interpretations on the Poems by Yuan Zhen and Bai Juyi （《元白诗笺证稿》） written in the same period, were three main works of ＂the Tsinghua School＂. On the one hand, making use of the method of historical interpretation, they aimed at a nearly objective understanding of the history; on the other hand, the change of concepts and the values of interpreters in different historical periods and societies were never totally ignored. Such a method had a vehement impact after the May 4＇h Movement on the study of literary history （ in terms of ＂ re-evaluating everything＂） represented by Hu Shi （1891 -1962, 胡适） and thereby paved a new way to the study of humanity sciences in the ear of post-May 4th Movement, which indicated a more open and flexible attitude toward the tradition and history.