论藏族游牧生计与寒漠带冻土层的维护

Tibetan Nomadic Livelihood and Maintenance of Cold Desert Permafrost

在我国三江源区的生态系统中,最脆弱的生态环节就是冻土层,而覆盖其上的腐殖质层和泥炭层又是保护脆弱环境的命根子。因此,在三江源区的人类活动只要不去干扰这种环节,其生态系统就是安全的;如果人类的活动冲击到了这种脆弱的生态环节,就会出现生态灾变。藏族传统生计方式的"不动土的农牧混合经营"、"转场浅牧"与"多畜并牧"以及对野生动物的保护等,正与三江源生态系统相耦合,使其稳定延续了上千年。可见,生态系统的脆弱性是一个文化的概念,其实质是特定文化对特定生态系统的适应能力。

In the Three-river Source area ecological system in our country, the most fragile ecological link is its permafrost, and covering the hu- mus layer and peat is the lifeblood of protect its fragile environment.Therefore, as long as in the source area of human activities to not interfere with this link, the ecosystem is safe, if the impact of human activities in the ecologically fragile link, will appear the ecological disaster.Tibetan way of traditional livelihoods ＂not in agriculture and animal husbandry mixed management＂, ＂transitions light grazing＂ and ＂more livestock and livestock＂ and the protection of wild animals, etc., are coupled with the ecological system, continuity of the hundreds of thousands of years.Shows, the vulnerability of the ecosystem is a cultural concept, the essence of which is with a particular culture＇s ability to adapt to specific ecosystems are inside.