西方分权理论的逻辑理路及局限性探讨

On the Logical Basis of the Western Decentralization Theory and Its Limitations

分权思想在西方政治学说中由来已久,17、18世纪经洛克、孟德斯鸠的发展,形成近代意义上的分权制衡理论。该理论的主旨在于以立法权、行政权、执法权三分法为主导,每种权力由不同且分立的政府职能部门掌管,各部门之间既相互配合又相互制约,从而在权力之间形成均衡之态势,以防止一方独大与权力过度集中。然而,从政治现实来看,分权理论在防止权力过度集中方面的作用是有限度的,此外,它还造成了权力部门之间的摩擦和冲突,使得相互之间出现责任推诿现象,影响管理效率的提升。

The thought of power separation has a long history in the western political theory; it formed a decentralization theory after the development of Rock and Montesquieu in the 17 th and 18 th centuries. According to this theory,state power is divided into three types： legislative power,administrative power and judicial power,which are controlled by three different government departments. To prevent the concentration of power,the three government departments interact and restrict with each other. However,the decentralization theory has its limitations in preventing power excessive concentration in the political reality. Besides,it can cause friction and conflict among the power sectors and trigger buck-passing between functional departments.