论春秋时期的诸侯飨宴礼及历史功能

On Dukes' Xiangyan Etiquette and Its Historical Function in the Spring and Autumn Period

春秋时期诸侯国的飨宴礼包括飨礼和宴礼。《仪礼》中有诸侯宴本国卿大夫之礼。但是,礼经中对诸侯飨礼的记载仅有只言片语。勾稽整理传世文献可知,诸侯之飨礼包括设宾客、设宾介、设折俎、赋诗、赏赐、宴礼、娱乐等主要内容。春秋时诸侯举行飨宴礼有多种原因,飨宴礼谮越礼制,举行次数远多于王室,昭、襄时期飨宴礼的频繁是这一时期的主要特点。飨宴礼是诸侯、政客行贿受贿或强国拉拢小国的政治手段,同时也是解决诸侯国之间争端的重要手段。

In the Spring and Autumn Period,Xiangyan Etiquette involved Xiang Etiquette and Yan Etiquette.Feast satisfies the ceremony and ritual,including ritual feast. There was etiquette that the dukes feasted their bureaucrats in Rituals. However,only few words were used to describe Xiangyan Etiquette in Rituals. It can be found that the duke＇s Xiangyan Etiquette included guest invitation,guest introduction,poetry,reward,ritual feast,entertainment and other main contents. There were at least eight reasons for holding Xiangyan Etiquette in the Spring and Autumn Period. Xiangyan Etiquette held far more frequently than the number of the royal families. Xiangyan Etiquette was held most frequently by the period of Zhao and Xiang. Xiangyan Etiquette was not only the way of dukes or politicians offering or accepting bribes,the political means of powerful countries cajoling the smaller ones,but also the important way of resolving international disputes.