青海历史中的“马步芳时代”

"The Ma Bufang Time" in Qinghai during the Period of the Republic of China

以马麒、马步芳父子为首的地方军阀集团在中华民国期间统治青海约40年,这一时期也是青海建省和推行现代民族国家建设的重要历史转型期,由于马家军造成1936年红军西路军的失败并在1949年的兰州战役中顽强抵抗中国人民解放军进军西北,建国后的官方历史叙事中赋予马步芳集团极为负面的形象。但是在这40年间,青海社会发生了许多重大变化。在改革开放后的今天,有必要从以地方性为基础和以作为历史中的行动者的人为主体的视角出发,对青海历史中的"马步芳时代"给予更加全面、深入的研究与分析,并应从地方社会发展需要的角度来理解这种研究的现实意义。

The local warlord head Ma Qi and his son Ma Bufang had ruled Qinghai for almost 40 years during the period of the Republic of China. This period was also the transition process of China from a royal dynasty to a nation-state. Because Ma warlord defeated the Western Route of the Red Army in 1936 and resisted the PLA in 1949, the official documents and history textbooks describe the Ma warlord as a ＂reactionary devil＂. But there were many events and changes occurred in Qinghai society during this period. Following the new policy of reform, it is necessary to study Qinghai society during the period on the emic approach of locality and agency. And this study should respond to the need of the people who want to understand history by their own way.