犹太教与伊斯兰教的洁食文化——解读饮食禁忌及其伦理思想

The Jewish and Islamic Food Taboos——Interpretation on Food Taboos and Ethical Thoughts

犹太教和伊斯兰教以"洁"与"不洁"为原则发展出一套饮食禁忌。其包括"物"、"人"和"法"三个层面。两教都禁食猪、血、自死动物和非经礼定屠宰法屠宰的动物,不吃凶猛、丑陋和肮脏的动物。屠宰须符合宗教要求,采用割喉法,不容许电击或勒死。两教饮食禁忌有共同的、古老的、民族的和宗教的起源。犹太教饮食禁忌体现的是其宗教所追求的"秩序"而非混乱的哲学,而伊斯兰教则追求身心健康和社会和谐。

One can understand Jewish and Islamic food taboos from three ways as ＂objects＂, ＂human＂ and ＂method＂. Both Judaism and Islam dietary laws prohibits the eating of animals that die of themselves, blood, the meat of pigs, and animals slaughtered without by ritual slaughter of animals, also includes ferocious, Ugly and filthy animals. Slaughtering methods must meet ritual requirements, by throat-cutting, and not allow electric shock or strangled. Both food taboos have a very same, ancient, ethnic and religious origin. The Jewish food taboos are embodied in their religious philosophy of pursuing ＂order＂ rather than chaos, and Islamic one, the pursuit of physical and mental health and social harmony. Food taboos help foster healthy dietary habits and the conciseness of abidance by rules for believers, which is conducive to individuals and their societies.