污染治理的规模收益与环境库兹涅茨曲线的出现——来自中国的实证检验

Returns to Scale of Pollution Abatement and Emergence of EKC:An Empirical Test from China

该文利用1992—2008年中国省级面板数据,以四种工业污染物,两类环境质量衡量指标为因变量,对影响污染物排放的各因素进行实证研究,结果发现:各污染物的排放均符合环境库兹涅茨曲线假设,环境库兹涅茨曲线的形状以及污染拐点的位置与污染物、模型以及环境质量衡量指标的选择有关,且以污染排放强度指标为因变量计算的污染拐点小于以污染排放量指标为因变量计算的污染拐点;没有系统的证据可以支持污染避难所假说在中国的成立;与污染治理的规模收益递增的假设相反,大型企业规模的扩张显著地增加了中国的环境污染,而中小企业则无此明显的负面影响。

The return to scale of pollution abatement explains the emergence of Environmental Kuznets Curve （EKC） and implies the existence of positive economies of scale for pollution abatement. Using the provincial level panel data of four industrial pollutants in China from 1992 to 2008, two types of environmental quality measure as the dependent variable, empirical study the factors which affect the emission of pollutants, the results showed that： Pollutant emissions are in line with the Environmental Kuznets Curve hypothesis. The shape of Environmental Kuznets curve and the position of peak turns are related to pollutants, models, and the choice of indicators to measure environmental quality. And the peak turns calculated which intensify index as the dependent variable less than quantitative indicators of pollution as the dependent variable. No systematic evidence supports the pollution haven hypothesis established in China. In the opposite of increasing returns to scale,the expansion of large scale enterprises significantly increased China＇s environmental pollution, but the SME does not have this significant negative impact.