中美高校领导决策体制比较研究——大学章程的视角

Comparative Study on Leadership and Decision-making System of Colleges and Universities between America and China

通过对中美两国十多所高校章程的文本比较研究发现:中美高校采取了完全不同的领导决策体制,两者在权力机构、职权范围、运作机制等方面存在诸多差异,也呈现一些规律性特征。如,"集体领导决策与个人负责相结合"的制度安排、职权的宏观定位以及为实现其职权所采取的不同运作机制、"管理"与"治理"的尺度、将决策权与行政权区分开来等等。针对我国高校领导决策体制法律框架与政治框架不协调的问题,应通过建立理事会或董事会等方式统一在法律框架下协调各种利益关系。

Through the comparative study of statutes of colleges and universities in America and China, it indicates that the leadership and decision-making system are quite different in the USA and China, especially in authority, operation mechanism, the terms of reference, membership of decision- making system. There also exist similarities in both nations, such as combined collective decision- making with individual responsibility, macro positioning of decision-making bodies, etc. For the issue of uncoordinated relationship between leading decision-making system and political framework in China, the Council or the Board of Directors should be established to harmonize the various interests of different organizations in the legal framework.