《诗经·螽斯》与上古地祇小祀

The Dongsi of The Book of Songs and Small Sacrifice for Local God in Ancient Times

《诗经·螽斯》一诗的诗义古来就有不同的说法,毛诗序认为,《螽斯》言后妃子孙众多;齐诗认为,是歌颂贵族的子孙众多;韩诗认为,是歌颂贵族的子孙贤良。今人高亨认为,诗中的螽斯是用来比喻统治阶级的,全诗是民歌,为劳动人民所作,诗旨是讽刺统治阶级的残酷剥削。"螽"为蝗属,是害虫,以"害虫"喻后妃子孙,有悖常理。实际上,《螽斯》当是上古地祇小祀咒告蝗虫的祭歌,毛诗序所言"后妃子孙众多"当是"说诗"之义,并非诗之本事本义。

There are many different views to Dongsi of The Book of Songs in history. For example, Mao＇ s Preface to the Book of Songs think it expresses consorts having numerous descendants, Qi Songs think it in praise of noble descendants, Han Songs think it Praises high moral character of noble descendants, and so or,. But Gaoheng, a famous contemporary scholars, believes tettigonioidea refer to the ruling class, and this poem is a folk song created by working people for ironing ruler in essence. Tettigonioidea as pest, it seems counterintuitive for using it expresses consorts＇ descendants. In fact, Dongsi is a sacrifice song for Cursing against locusts. So the view of Mao Songs preface is a wrong understanding.