佛教修行:诸恶莫作,众善奉行——兼与儒家“克己复礼”的比较

Selfless or Selfish Moral Practicing: A Comparison of Ethical Refinement Ideas between Chinese Buddhism and Confucianism

佛教所提倡的"诸恶莫作,众善奉行"与儒家所主张的"克己复礼"虽然有着同样的道德诉求,但是两者的实践语境是不一样的。佛教在"为己"修行的基础上来落实"诸恶莫作,众善奉行",而儒家则是在"为人"修身的基础上来实现"克己复礼"。不过,佛教的"为己"修行并不是自私,而是"回归自性"的"净心"。佛教的"净心"固然有"自利"的一面,但佛教就是通过这种"自利"的"净心"来开出坚实的"利他"道德的;而且在佛教修行中,"净心"和"利他"并非是历时性的关系,而是同时发生的,也就是说,"净心"的过程即是"利他"的过程,"净心"的同时就在"利他",这就是佛教修行"自利利他"的道德定律。

Doing No Evil & Doing Only Good advocated by Buddhists and Restraining Oneself & Observing the Rites by Confucians represent the same moral appeals, but they are different in practical contexts. Buddhists implement the idea of Doing No Evil &Doing Only Good to cultivate one's own morality, but Confucians practise the idea of Restraining Oneself & Observing the Rites to cultivate one's morality for others. However, the practice of Buddhism for oneself is not a sign of selfishness, but a sign of keeping oneself to meditation and nature. Buddhist meditation smacks of selfishness, through this kind of selfishness, however,Buddhists create the solid moral basis of altruism. Furthermore, in the process of practice, Buddhist meditation and altruism occur synchronically rather than diachronically. That is to say, the process of meditation is also the process of altruism and vice versa. This is the moral law of Buddhism's Egoism and Altruism.