“‘子曰’类文献”研究对丰富中国哲学史的意义

Comment on the Modern Study of Confucian Doctrines and Literature during the Pre-Qin Period from the Philosophical Significance Perspective

"‘子曰’类文献"即包括《论语》在内的先秦两汉等记载孔子言论的文献。"‘子曰’类文献"的研究一直没有提上日程,其中一个很重要的原因是真伪问题限制了研究工作的开展。另外,语言问题、中西问题、古今问题等也制约着研究工作的开展。不同"子曰"文献间往往有互补性,这使得合起来进行研究显得很必要。以范畴为纲,对不同文献中的"子曰"进行对比分析,突出特定的主题是可行的研究进路。研究"‘子曰’类文献"对于比较全面地勾勒孔子的哲学思想,研究孔子弟子的哲学思想,进一步明确先秦儒家和其他相关各家的关系问题,回答秦汉尤其是先秦主流文化及其流变的相关问题具有十分重要的意义。

The Literature on Confucius Statements refers to the writings or documents recording Confucius' s statements in the Qin-Han Dynasty, including the Analects. The study of these documents has not received adequate attention from researchers for many reasons, but the most important one is the question about truth or falsehood. Some other problems include the skeptical attitude to ancient history, linguistic categories, the differences between Chinese and Western outlook, between ancient and modern times. It is necessary to employ an integrated approach to the study of the documents because complementary features are present in different documents. A contrastive study and specific topic analysis are practicable. The study of Confucius Statements, which offers a synopsis of the philosophy of Confucius & his disciples, can further clarify the relationship between the Pre-Qin Confucianism and other related schools, and answer the questions about the Mainstream Culture and its transformation in the Qin-Han Dynasty, especially, the times of Pre-Qin.