病态竞争的产生与化解--兼论学校教育如何面对现代人的身份焦虑

The Appearance and Solution of Morbid Competition——The Theory of How School Education Faces the Status Anxiety of Modern People

竞争是人类社会中普遍存在的一种自然现象,但是学校教育中的竞争却出现了病态化的趋势,其表现为独领风骚才算赢、充满敌意、为了竞争而竞争,病态竞争会让儿童极度地恐惧失败,并变得冷漠与自私。学校教育对病态竞争的产生负有不可推卸的责任,其视分数为评价儿童的唯一标准、把考试的失败等同于儿童整个人的失败、并排斥"失败"的儿童是病态竞争产生的重要原因。病态竞争的产生还有深刻的社会根源,由于学校教育是现代人改变身份地位的最重要途径,因此,在身份焦虑的驱使下,现代人对学校教育给予极大的期望,结果使其沦为未来身份地位争夺的"角斗场"。在身份焦虑的背景下,体认身份地位争夺的限度,从追寻分数到追寻美德将是病态竞争的化解之道。

Competition is a natural phenomenon in human society,but the competition in school education is presented morbidity,which appears that only the first is victory,being full of hostile and taking competition for competition. Morbid competition will make children fear failure and become cold and selfish. The emergence of morbid competition is the responsibility of school education,because the scores as the only evaluation criterion,the test failure as a failure in life and rejecting the losers are the important causes of morbid competition. Morbid competition has profound social roots. As the modern school education is the most important way to change the status,and under the drive of status anxiety,the modern school education is given great expectations,which makes school becoming the arena of future status. In this context,realizing the limits of status pursuit and shifting from scores pursuit to virtue pursuit are the way of resolving morbid competition.