欧盟国家成人学习质量保障体系研究

Research on the Quality Assurance System for Adult Learning in EU Countries

在终身学习领域,成人学习质量保障一直是各国政策中的行动焦点。21世纪以来,欧盟先后出台了有关成人学习质量保障的政策,诸多国家明确了质量保障体系的实施目标、运行流程,制定了较为细化的评估指标体系。其中,设计理念的相关性、体系设计的科学性、运行进程的透明性以及评估主体的多元性推动了欧盟各国成人学习质量保障体系朝正确的方向发展。然而,目前欧盟各国缺乏综合性的质量保障体系、成人学习特殊元素难以彰显、成人学习专业工作者的持续专业发展困境以及缺乏监测信息数据等,桎梏了成人学习质量保障体系的"更上一层楼"。基于欧盟国家的实践,无疑拓宽了我国成人学习质量保障体系发展的视野。在整体框架设计原则上,要遵循综合性与特殊性相结合的原则;在操作哲学上,要从"技术"转向"文化";在关键元素上,要关注成人学习工作者的专业化;在反馈控制上,要实现质量信息的资源共享。

In the field of lifelong learning, the quality assurance for adult learning is always the focus of thenational policy-making in many countries. Since the 21 st century, the European Union has issued policies aboutadult learning quality assurance. Many EU countries have been clear about the implementation target and therunning process of the quality assurance system, and then made a relatively detailed assessment indicators system.In this period, the relevance of design concept, the rationality of system design, the transparency of operationprocess and the diversity of assessment subjects, promote the EU countries to develop quality assurance system foradult learning in a right direction. However, the EU countries lack a comprehensive quality assurance system. Thespecial elements of adult learning are difficult to reveal. Adult learning professionals have difficulties in continuingtheir professional development and there is also a lack of monitoring information and data. Such situations impedethe quality guarantee system to strive for the further development. The practice of the European Union countriesundoubtedly broadens the vision to develop the quality assurance system for our country＇s adult learning. On theoverall framework design, the principle of combining the comprehensiveness and particularity should be followed;the operating philosophy should be changed from the ＂technology＂ to ＂culture＂; the focus should be put on theprofessions of adult learning professionals; and for feedback control, the resources sharing of the quality information should be realized.