被害人申请排除非法证据:法理、程序与证明

Victims applying for excluding illegal evidence: Legal principle, procedure and proof

被害人申请排除非法证据符合证据排除规则的理论基础,是被害人诉讼当事人地位的重要体现之一,有利于实现刑事诉讼法尊重和保障人权的基本任务,具有正当性。但它又存在一定局限性。立法应增设专门的庭前听证程序,让法庭通过公开听证对被害人提出的排除申请作出裁定,同时,为被害人不服裁定提供救济。被害人申请排除非法证据作为一种程序性证明,采用自由证明机制。证据收集合法性的最终证明责任由检察机关或辩护方承担,但只要达到"优势证据"标准即可,并在证据规则上赋予法官更多的自由裁量权。

The victims applying for excluding illegal evidence are in line with the theoretical basis of the evidence elimination rule, it is one of the important embodiment of the victims litigant status, realizing the basic task of the criminal procedure law and respecting and safeguard human rights, so it has legitimacy. But it also has certain limitations. Legislation should add special court hearing procedure before the court, and let the court exclude by a public hearings on the victim＇s application for ruling, at the same time, it provides relief when victims refuse. The victims applying for excluding illegal evidence as a procedural proof should take the free proof mechanism. To prove the legality of the evidence collection finally the burden of proof shall be borne by the procuratorial organs or defense, but as long as it meets evidence ＂advantage＂ standards, and the evidence given can give the judge more freedom.