平衡图式对汉语等量语法单位的制约作用——以助动词“配”为例

The constraints of the balance schema to the grammatical units carrying quantity relationship:A study of the auxiliary verb“配”

在汉语系统的各层级中,都有蕴含等量关系的语法单位。关于这类语法单位的教学,我们认为可从人类思维共识层面出发给以说明,认知语言学中的双秤盘平衡图式便可以用于教学。文章以助动词"配"为例,用双秤盘平衡图式解释了"配"字句的句法制约:在"配"字句的平衡图式中,一端包含被估价对象;另一端是用于评价的量器,被估价对象只具有客观性,而量器由评价者赋予了主观性。为了维持"配"字句的平衡性,其左右都需体现主观性,这需要在和量器相反的一端附加与主观性相关的成分。后续研究中,我们希望继续探究承载等量关系的一系列语法单位的使用制约原因,以期对汉语教学有所裨益。

At all levels of the Chinese language, there are grammatical units containing the equivalent relationship. It is possible to deal with this kind of grammar teaching in the consensus of the human mind. The twin-pan balance schema in cognitive linguistics can be used for such teaching. This paper argues that the sentence with＂配＂ has a twin-pan balance schema, whose one pan contains objects which are waiting to be evaluated and the things of the other pan are used to measure the gauge of the evaluation. The appraisal object is objective, only having the objectivity, but the meter is given the subjectivity. In the scheme of the sentence with＂配＂, in order to maintain its balance, the right pan and the left pan both need to reflect the subjectivity. The follow-up studies aim to further explore a range of grammatical units carrying quantity relationship in order to contribute to Chinese language teaching.