1Barbara Sinclair, "Congressional Parties and the Policy," in L. Sandy Maisel ed. , The Parties Respond: Changes in American Parties and Campaigns (Boulder, Colorado: Westview Press, 2002), p. 211.
2Barbara Sinclair, Party Wars: Polarization and the Politics of National Policy Making, p. 5.
3Jon R. Bond and Richard Fleisher eds. , Polarized Politics: Congress and the President in a Partisan Era (Washington, D. C. : CP Press, 2000), pp. 3-4.
4Norman J. Ornstein, Thomas E. Mann, and Michael J. Malbin eds. , Vital Statistics on Congress, 1993 1994 (Washington D. C. : CQ Press, 1994), pp. 201-202.
5Bruce Miroff, Raymond Seidelman and Todd Wwanstrom eds. , The Democratic Debate: An Introduction to American Politics (Boston and New York: Houghton Mifflin Company, 2002), p. 309.
6Nolan McCarty, Keith T. Poole, and Howard Rosenthal eds. , Polarized American: The Dance of Ideology and Unequal Riches (MIT Press, 2006), p. 15.
7William G. Mayer, The Divided Democrats: Ideological Unity, Party Reform, and Presidential Election (Boulder, Colorado: Westview Press, 1996), pp. 96-97.
8Pietro S. Nivola and David W. Brady, eds. , Redand Blue Nation, p. 16.
9David M. Shribman, "Subtle Shifts," in L. Sandy Maisel ed. , The Parties Respond: Changes in American Parties and Campaigns (Boulder, Colorado: Westview Press, 2001), p. 296.
10Walter Dean Burnham, "The Changing Shape of the American Party in Transition," American Political Science Review, Vol. 59, No. 1, March 1965.
