迈向“民族博物馆”新纪元:台湾两座泰雅族博物馆的创置经验分析

From "Ethnographic Museum" to "National Museum"( "Museum of a Nation" ):An Analysis of the Establishment of Two Atayal Museums in Taiwan

博物馆曾被称为人类学的"机构性家园",显示出博物馆与人类学之间的密切关联。19世纪中期"民族志博物馆"在西方殖民国家中广泛设立,成为展示其统治与权威的象征。在后殖民时代,这种将土著文化视为研究与展示客体的民族志博物馆仍然普遍存在,但以民族主体性为展示目的的"民族博物馆"也开始出现,型构了新样态的博物馆运动。本文以台湾地区两座泰雅族博物馆为例,分析了民族志博物馆与民族博物馆在设立、经营管理、展示教育等方面的差异,揭示了权力关系在博物馆定位与特色中的作用,展示了由民族博物馆所代表的博物馆发展新趋势。

Museum used to be called the 'institutional homeland' of anthropology,showing the close relationship between museum and anthropology.During the middle of 19 th century, 'ethnographic museum' was widely established in the western countries as symbols of colonial empires.Although ' ethnographic museum' that views native cultures as exhibiting objects is still popular in this postcolonial era, 'national museum'( 'museum of a nation'),a new style of museum,one that emphasizes the exhibition of national identity,is gaining worldwide popularity.This has become a new movement in museum development.By using two indigenous Atayal museums in Taiwan as examples,the paper compares their differences in terms of their establishment,management,exhibition and educational functions in order to illustrate how power relationships affect museums' roles and characters and to unfold the new trend of museum represented by 'national museum'( 'museum of a nation').