下向因果、反事实与排除问题

Downward Causation,Counterfactuals and the Problem of Exclusion

非还原物理主义者一直被"因果排除问题"所困扰。很多哲学家认为解决该问题的一种有效策略是所谓的"自治进路"。但是,钟磊指出"自治进路"的反事实因果解释蕴涵了"下向因果原则",因此不能解决"下向因果"排除论证。有反对者指出他在论证中不加区分地使用了"物理实现者"这个概念。我们通过对该概念的分析说明,"自治进路"的反事实因果解释可以有效地解决"下向因果"排除论证。

Non -reductive physicalist is afflicted with the ＂Causal Exclusion Problem＂. Many philosophers argue that an effective strategy to solve it is to adopt the so -called ＂Autonomy Approach＂. However, Zhong Lei points out that the counterfactualist interpretation of autonomy approach actually implies the ＂Downward Causation Principle＂. Therefore,it can＇ t solve the exclusion argument of downward causation. Some opponents claim that he ambiguously uses the concept of ＂Physical Realizer＂. By analysising this concept, the author argues that counterfactual theory of causation can solve the exclusion argument of downward causation.