后SSK研究的“文化转向”及其哲学取向

“Cultural Turn” in Post-SSK Studies and Their Philosophical Orientation

SSK(科学知识社会学)在早期一经产生,便由于其激进的社会建构论观点,在本质主义的本体论、规范主义的认识论与自然主义的方法论之间存在着矛盾。为了克服这些矛盾,后SSK研究出现了"文化转向"情形。这种文化转向,借助彻底的自然主义方法论,显示了科学的实践性、语境性、异质性和偶然性特征。进一步分析表明,后SSK研究的哲学取向在于,它强调的是实践合理性、混合本体论和干预性介入。后SSK的"文化转向"研究在一定程度上,SSK的研究开辟了新的发展方向。

SSK（ sociology of scientific knowledge）had inherent contradiction between its essentialist ontology, pat- ternalist epistemology and naturalistic methodology on the very day it was born due to its radical social constructiv- ism. In order to overcome the contradiction, post - SSK modified its research approach in the 1980＇ s. It has turned to cultural studies of scientific knowledge. Through thorough naturalistic methodology, it shows the practical nature, the character of context, the heterogenicity and contingency of scientific activities. Further analysis makes clear that the philosophical orientation of post - SSK lies in its emphasizing practical reasonableness, mixed ontolo- gy and interventionism. This philosophical orientation of post - SSK has, to a certain extent, overcome its inherent theoretical contradictions, relieved the conflicts between its ontology, epistemology and methodology and opened new developmental direction for SSK.