我国能源诉讼专门化问题之探究

An Exploration into the Specialization of Energy Litigation in China

能源诉讼是指因能源的开发和利用等过程而产生的各种纠纷所致的各种诉讼的集合体。当下审判实践中,能源诉讼被拆解为多种具体形态,存在不专业等"泛化"现象,大都关注能源的自然和经济价值而忽略了其安全和生态价值,弊端不少。从德国、美国、能源宪章大会组织和印度的情况看,国外的能源诉讼以专业化为应对策略,甚至建立了专门化的审判机构。立足当前,对于核心关涉能源安全和能源生态,或者同时涉及民事、行政或刑事等诉讼类型,抑或涉外因素多、影响较大的部分能源诉讼,提倡专门化的应对必要且可行。应以环境保护审判庭的建设为契机,从部分能源诉讼的识别入手,将其逐步纳入到集中管辖和专属管辖等专门化管辖之列,辅之以特殊的程序应对,从而倡导部分能源诉讼的专门化,进而实现其维护能源私权、保障能源安全、保护能源生态之重要意义。

Energy litigation refers the collection of various kinds of litigations resulting from the disputes over the exploitation and utilization of energy resources. In the current judicial practice, energy litigation is divided into various concrete forms of litigation and, as such, has the disadvantages of being too generalized, lack of professionalization and focusing too much on the natural and economic values while neglecting the security and ecological values of energy. The practices of Germany, the U. S. , the Energy Charter Conference and India show that these countries or organizations have specialized energy litigation, even established specialized judi- cial organs for energy litigation. In light of the current situation, it is necessary and feasible for China to specialize certain types of energy litigations, including those involving energy security or energy ecology, those that are simultaneously of civil, administrative and criminal nature, and those involving many foreign elements or having major social impact. China should take the construction of the Environmental Protection Tribunal as an opportunity and the identification of certain types of energy litigations as the starting point to gradually incorporate energy litigation into centralized or exclusive jurisdictions and adopt corresponding special procedures, so as to realize the specialization certain types of energy litigation, uphold private energy rights, safe- guard energy security, and protect energy ecology.