秦俑陶质彩绘原始工艺和剥落过程的探索性研究

An exploratory study on the traditional craftsmanship of polychrome Terracotta Warriors and their flaking process

为了制作陶俑彩绘的仿真样品,探索失传两千年的秦人制作陶质彩绘的原始工艺,根据已知的各种信息,探讨了秦俑彩绘制作的传统工艺,包括生漆添加猪血的作用、生漆层的配方、颜料层的配方、生漆层和颜料层的制作方法、基底陶块的选择等。制作了陶俑彩绘的仿真样品:生漆层厚度为35~68μm;颜料层厚度:红色20~50μm,白色55~70μm、绿色50~70μm、蓝色55~65μm,与秦俑生漆层和彩绘层的真实厚度相近。生漆层中猪血的最适应比例为4%,颜料层中所用粘合剂适宜浓度:明胶:水为1:32,蛋清:水为1:2。仿真样品经过加速老化破坏循环后,可以大体重现彩绘从陶块上起翘脱落的过程。研究结果为进一步研究病害机理,开展彩绘加固或回贴实验等研究提供了基础方法。

The traditional crafts used for the polychrome terracotta warriors of the Qin Dynasty were investigated based on information currently available on these objects, Traditional craftsmanship information includes the use of pig blood in the lacquer layer, the lacquer formula, the pigment layer formula, the manufacture of lacquer and pigment and the selection of pottery. Based on this information, a simulated model is made to have a lacquer layer （ 35 - 681xm thick） , and pigment layers （ red pigment, 20 - 50 p.m ; white pigment, 55 - 70 p^m ; green pigment, 50 -70p^m; and blue pigment, 55 -65p, m）. All these layers are about the same thickness as on the real terracotta warriors. The best pig blood concentration in the lacquer is 4%. Some glues are also used to apply the pigment layers： gelatin in water （ 1：32, ） and egg white in water （ 1：2）. The process of flaking of the pigment layers and the lacquer layer are simulated in the lab. The prepared samples provide a basic object to simulate the the process of damage, and can be used for further study of the decay mechanism and for conservation studies.