宁波“小白礁I号”清代木质沉船中硫铁化合物脱除技术研究

Research on the removal of the iron sulfides in the Qing Dynasty marine shipwreck,Ningbo Xiaobaijiao No.1

近年来的分析与研究表明,海洋出水沉船的木材中普遍存在大量的以Fe S2和Fe S为代表的硫铁化合物难溶盐,它们在空气中和一定湿度条件下,会氧化生成硫酸,使木材纤维素发生快速降解,从而对木船造成毁灭性的破坏。目前,硫铁化合物的脱除仍然是世界性难题,很多国家发现的木质沉船都面临这方面的困扰。为此,本研究以宁波象山"小白礁I号"清代沉船遗址出水的船体木材构件为研究对象,研发了金属络合剂与氧化剂复配材料EDTAHO,开展了海洋出水木材中沉积的二硫化亚铁的去除技术初步研究,取得了良好的保护效果。本研究结果可为后续脱水定型和加固修复打下良好的基础,有利于海洋出水木质船体的长期保存。

In recent years, high concentration of insoluble iron sulfides, including FeS2 and FeS, have been found in the marine wooden shipwrecks. These iron sulfides can be oxidized to form sulfuric acid, which rapidly damages the wood cellulose when the wooden shipwrecks are exposed to conditions of high humidity and oxygen. Removal of those pyrite compounds is currently a problem worldwide. This paper summarizes some preliminary research to remove iron sulfides in the wrecks of wooden Qing Dynasty ships in Ningbo, Zhejiang Province, China. In addition, a new reagent named EDTAHO that uses a combination of a metal complex and an oxidant has been developed to remove the iron sulfides. The test results are satisfactory and should prove useful for future conserva- tion work involving dehydration and reinforcement of wooden marine shipwreck relics.