新中国初期私营工商业的变革与生存——以刘鸿生家族上海章华毛纺公司为例

The Change and Existence of Private-owned Industrial and Commercial Enterprises at the Beginning of PRC——With Shanghai Zhanghua Wool Spinning Company of Liu Hongsheng Family as a Case Study

新中国成立初期,面对严峻的经济形势,国家不得不采取经济统制政策,私营企业一度陷入产销困难的局面。本文以刘鸿生家族上海章华毛纺公司为个案进行考察,剖析私营毛纺业的困难根源,描述刘鸿生如何在政府的引导下进行原料、市场、生产结构、机构设置等方面的改革,力图反映这一时期私营企业与政府政策和市场变动间的复杂关系,说明私营企业走向公私合营是历史的必然选择,其根源要追溯到1949年新中国成立伊始。

At the beginning of PRC, faced with the grim economic situation, the state had to adopt the policy of economic control, and the production and sale of private enterprises once fell into a difficult situation. With Shanghai Zhanghua Wool Spinning Company of Liu Hongsheng family as a case study, This paper want to analyze the root of difficulties in private wool textile industry, describe Liu Hongsheng＇ s reform in raw material market, production structure, and organization setting, etc. under the guidance of the government, so as to reflect the complex relationship among private enterprises and government policy and market changes during this period, and explain that the private enterprises to the public-private partnership was the inevitable historical consequence, and its root could be dated back to the beginning of PRC in 1949.