上海移民江西垦荒问题研究(1955—1956)

On Shanghai Emigrants Reclaiming Wasteland in Jiangxi Province from 1955 to 1956

新中国成立后,为了将"消费的城市"改造成"生产的城市",人民政府对大城市人口进行分类清理,将各种"非生产性人口"加以分类,并通过不同方式疏散出城市。1955年提出"紧缩上海"计划后,上海市政府将3万多社会青年、水上区居民以及各种无业、失业人员疏散到江西垦荒生产。"移民垦荒"的实质是新政权对大城市中政治上不可靠人员的区分和对经济上"剩余"或"冗余"人员的疏散,同时也是对城市基层社会秩序的清理与重建。而被疏散人口的反复倒流与再安置,对此后的城乡关系、工农关系等都有重要影响。

After the founding of PRC, in order to transform ＂the city of consumption＂ into ＂the city of production＂, the government sorted out the population of big cities, classified a variety of ＂non-productive population＂, and evacuated them from the cities through different ways. In 1955, after the ＂austerity Shanghai＂ plan was proposed, Shanghai government evacuated more than 30,000 people, including social youth, the water district residents and a variety of unemployed people, to Jiangxi Province to reclaim wasteland. The nature of ＂substantial migration reclamation＂ was the distinguishment of politically unreliable staff in big cities and evacuation of the ＂surplus＂ or ＂redundant＂ personnel in economy by the new regime, and also cleaning-up and reconstruction for base social order of the city. The repeated back flow and resettlement of the evacuated population had an important impact on the urban-rural relationship and workers-peasants relationship.