中国民族政策能否采用美国/印度模式?(下)

Should China Adopt American / Indian Model in Making Ethnic Policies?(Ⅲ)

中国有些学者辩称,法律条文上的少数民族权利,包括民族区域自治和优惠政策,都应该沿着自由主义线路进行改革;少数民族应该"去政治化",即作为文化群体来对待,其成员应该只有个体而非集体权利。他们建议中国应该仿照美国和印度的模型,推行"第二代民族政策"。但本文却要说明:以美国和印度的民族政策作为模型,恰恰没有这些学者所标榜的民族平等和谐特性。因为这两个国家的少数民族的地位低下,处境持续恶化,导致其严重不满。笔者认为中国的民族政策也并不必非要在纯粹个体权利与维持系统现状之间仅取其一,少数民族权利的扩展而不是收缩,反而能给中国带来更大的民族平等和社会稳定。

Some Chinese scholars argue that the rights of ethnic minorities speculated by the law including regional ethnic autonomy and preferential policy should be reformed in line with liberalism and that ethnic minorities should be depoliticized,that is,to be treated as cultural groups and the members should only have individual rather than collective rights and interests. They suggest that China follow the models of America and India to implement ＂the second generation ethnic policy ＂. Whereas,this paper intends to illustrate that neither America nor Indian ethnic policies reflect ethnic equality and harmony flaunted by these scholars,and that in these two countries,ethnic minorities are seriously discontented about their low and continuously deteriorating position. The writer holds that it is unnecessary for Chinese ethnic policy to make a choice between pure individual rights and maintaining system status. Expanding rather than contracting the right of ethnic minorities can bring greater ethnic equality and social stability.