不同植骨材料重建伤椎修复胸腰椎爆裂骨折:验证植骨愈合

Rebuilding injured vertebrae by different kinds of bone graft materials to treat thoracoiumbar burst fractures: an imaging verification of bone healing

背景:椎体内植骨重建椎体前中柱结构及恢复椎体形态被重新认识,选择合适的植骨材料可以促进骨愈合,有利于重新建立长期脊柱的稳定性。目的:探讨3种不同植骨材料经单侧椎弓根植入重建椎体治疗胸腰椎爆裂骨折的疗效差异。方法:纳入胸腰椎爆裂骨折患者102例,按随机数字表法分3组治疗,分别采用后路经单侧椎弓根植入自体骨、自体骨联合同种异体骨与同种异体骨。植骨前后采用X射线观察椎体前缘高度百分比及Cobb角,CT观察伤椎椎体内植骨愈合,选择终末随访CT用Mimics软件计算伤椎骨缺损面积。结果与结论:102例患者均获得24-36个月随访。3组植骨后不同时间点椎体前缘高度百分比、Cobb角均较植骨前恢复(P<0.05);植骨后不同时间点3组间椎体前缘高度百分比比较差异无显著性意义;同种异体骨组植骨后9,12,24个月的Cobb角高于自体骨组、自体骨联合同种异体骨组(P<0.05)。同种异体骨组植骨不同时间点骨愈合率低于自体骨组、自体骨联合同种异体骨组(P<0.05),骨缺损面积高于自体骨组、自体骨联合同种异体骨组(P<0.05)。表明3种植骨材料经单侧椎弓根重建椎体形态治疗胸腰椎爆裂骨折,能够减少椎体高度、Cobb角丢失和骨缺损面积,自体骨联合同种异体骨在骨愈合及减少骨缺损方面与自体骨疗效相似,均优于同种异体骨。

BACKGROUND：Intravertebral bone graft to rebuild anterior and middle column structure and to recover vertebral morphology has been re-understood, and a suitable bone graft material can promote bone healing and be conducive to rebuild the long-term stability of the spine. OBJECTIVE：To discuss the differences in clinical efficacy of three kinds of bone graft materials through unilateral pedicle to treat thoracolumbar burst fractures. METHODS：Total y 102 thoracolumbar burst fracture patients were randomized into three groups：autologous bone, autologous bone combined with al ogeneic bone and al ogeneic bone were implanted via the unilateral pedicle, respectively, in the three groups. We measured the percentage of height of the anterior edge of vertebral body and Cobb angle by X-Ray before and after bone grafting, and used CT to observe bone graft healing, and used Mimics to measure the defect area of vertebral body at the last fol ow-up. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION：Al the 102 patients were fol owed-up for 24-36 months. The percentage of height of the anterior edge of vertebral body and Cobb angle of three groups were restored after bone grafting （P〈0.05）, but there was no difference in the percentage of height of the anterior edge of vertebral body of three groups at different time point after bone grafting. The Cobb angle in the al ogeneic bone group was bigger than that in the autologous bone group and autologous bone combined with al ogeneic bone group at 9, 12 and 24 months after bone grafting （P〈0.05）. The fracture healing rate of the al ogeneic bone group at different time points was lower than that of the autologous bone group and autologous bone combined with al ogeneic bone group （P〈0.05）, and the area of bone defect was bigger than that in the autologous bone group and autologous bone combined with al ogeneic bone group （P〈0.05）. These findings indicate that these three bone graft materials can rebuild the vertebral body via the unilateral pedicle to treat thoracolumbar burst fracture, reduce the loss of vertebral height and Cobb angle, and decrease defect area of the vertebral body. The clinical efficacy of autologous bone combined with al ogeneic bone to heal bone graft and reduce bone defect is similar to autologous bone, both of which are better than al ogeneic bone alone.