纳米壳聚糖骨形态发生蛋白水凝胶预防大鼠牙槽嵴萎缩

Nano-chitosan/bone morphogenetic protein gel prevents absorption of rat's alveolar ridge

背景:拔牙后会发生牙槽嵴的萎缩和吸收,对于采用何种方法或者何种材料能更有效预防拔牙后牙槽嵴的萎缩,目前还是难以彻底解决的技术问题。目的:观察纳米壳聚糖骨形态发生蛋白水凝胶预防牙槽嵴萎缩的效果。方法:取54只SD大鼠,拔除左侧中切牙制作剩余牙槽嵴吸收模型,随机分均分为3组,实验组在拔牙窝内注入纳米壳聚糖骨形态发生蛋白水凝胶,对照组在拔牙窝内注入纳米壳聚糖水凝胶,空白组不注入任何材料。术后3,6,9周完整分离下颌骨,高频钼靶X射线测量剩余牙槽嵴高度,并进行组织学观察。结果与结论:术后3,6,9周各组牙槽嵴顶均有不同程度吸收,实验组吸收程度较对照组、空白组轻(P<0.05)。术后3周时,空白组可见出血及大量炎性细胞,成骨较少;对照组牙槽骨可见少量骨样组织及淋巴细胞,实验组可见新生骨组织及少量炎性细胞。术后6周时,实验组有较明显新骨生成,对照组有少量成骨,空白组成骨欠活跃。术后9周时,差异性更加明显,实验组有大量新骨生成,成骨活跃;对照组及空白组有少量新骨生成。结果表明纳米壳聚糖骨形态发生蛋白水凝胶能有效预防拔牙后剩余牙槽嵴萎缩。

BACKGROUND：Absorption and atrophy of the alveolar ridge always happen after tooth extraction. There are stil a lot of difficulties to be worked out to prevent the atrophy of the alveolar ridge. OBJECTIVE：To investigate the effect of the nano-chitosan/bone morphogenetic protein hydrogel on preventing absorption of the residual alveolar ridge of the rats. METHODS：Total y 54 Sprague-Dawley rats were divided randomly and equal y into three groups. A model of residual alveolar ridge was made by extraction of the left central incisor. Nano-chitosan bone morphogenetic protein hydrogel was implanted into the rat’s alveolar fossa of the experimental group;the alveolar fossa of the control group was implanted with nano-chitosan hydrogel;the alveolar fossa of the blank group was implanted with nothing. Rat’s mandible was ful y dissected after 3, 6, 9 weeks, respectively. Molybdenum target X-ray examination and pathological observation were evaluated. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION：At weeks 3, 6, 9 postoperation, the residual alveolar ridge was absorbed to different degrees, which was milder in the experimental group than the cotrol group and blank group （P〈0.05）. After 3 weeks, in the blank group, less new bone formed, but bleeding and a large amount of inflammatory cells were visible; in the control group, a few of osteoid tissues and lymphocytes were found; in the experimental group,new bone formed and a small amount of inflammatory cells were observed. After 6 weeks, new bone formed obviously in the experimental group, a little new bone formed in the control group, but less new bone formed in the blank group. After 9 weeks, a large amount of new bone formed in the experimental group with good osteogenic ability; only a few of new bone formed in the control and blank groups. Nano-chitosan/bone morphogenetic protein hydrogel can be used to prevent the absorption of the residual alveolar ridge after tooth extraction.